11.
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Description is about sensory experience—how something looks, sounds,
tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but description also deals with
other kinds of perception.
A .Example
descriptive text
My mother is a
beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and
brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light brown, and
she has a beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs. She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she
loves to help people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She
loves being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too.
She is a very
good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She likes her
house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and all things in
the house are in the right place. She doesn't like messes.
She always has
a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going to
sleep or went I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she always
give me a kiss, and when the family havea problem she always be with us to
helps us and to give us all her love.
B. Generic
Structure of Descriptive text
Generic
Stucture:
a.
Identification: identifies the phenomenon to be described
b. Description:
describes parts, qualities, characteristics
Significant
lexicogrammatical features:
Focus on
specific participants, use simple present tense
C. language
Features Of Descriptive Text
Descriptive
often uses 'be' and 'have'.
Tense which is
often used is Simple Present Tense. However, some times it uses Past tense if
the thing to be described doesn't exist anymore
The formula of
present tense
Positif : S + V1 (s/es)
Negatif : S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
Tanya : DO/DOES + S + V1
Positif : S + be + adj/adv
Negatif : S + be + NOT + adj/adv
Tanya : be + S + adj/adv
Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its
purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place or thing.
Teks Deskriptif yaitu teks yang
menjelaskan gambaran seseorang atau benda. Tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan
atau mengungkapkan orang, tempat atau benda tertentu.
Bisa dikatakan juga bahwa
Descriptive text adalah teks yang menjelaskan tentang seperti apakah orang atau
benda yang dideskripsikan, baik bentuknya, sifat-sifatnya, jumlahnya dan
lain-lain.
Struktur Descriptive Text (generic
structure) adalah :
1. Identification
(identifikasi) adalah pendahuluan , berupa gambaran umum tentang suatu topik.
2.Description (deskripsi)
adalah berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki benda, tempat, atau orang yang
dideskripsikan.
Ciri-ciri Descriptive Text :
- Menggunakan simple present
tense
- Menggunakan attribute verb,
seperti be (am, is, are)
- Hanya fokus pada satu objek
tersebut.
Berikut adalah Contoh Descriptive
Text :
The National Monument (or Monument
Nasional) is a 132 meters tower in the center of Merdeka Square, Central
Jakarta. It symbolizes the fight for Indonesia’s independence. The monument
consist of a 117,7 m obelisk on a 45 m square platform at a height of 17 m.
The towering monument symbolizes the
philosophy of Lingga and Yoni. Lingga resembles, rice pestle (alu) and Yoni
resembles a mortar rice (lesung), two important items in Indonesian
agricultural tradition.
The construction began in 1961 under
the direction of President Soekarno and the monument was opened to the public
in 1975. It is topped by a flame covered with gold foil. The monument and
museum is opened daily from 08.00 – 15.00 every day throughout the week, except
for the last Monday of the month the monument is closed.
Prambanan Temple
Prambanan is the largest Hindu
temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia, located approximately 18 km east
of Yogyakarta. It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture,
typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the 47 m high central building
inside a large complex of individual temples. It was built around 850 CE by
either Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram Dynasty, or Balitung Maha
Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its construction, the temple
was abandoned and began to deteriorate. Reconstruction of the compound began in
1918. The main building was completed in around 1953.
A. Definition of News Item:
News item is a text which informs
readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or
important.
B. Generic Structure of News
Item:
1. Newsworthy event (Main Event) :
2. Background Events
(Elaboration) :
3.
Source (Resource of information) :
The last paragraph is the official
statement from the expert or the authority which strengthen the
news of the main event.
C. Language Feature of News Item:
1. Using Action Verbs
2. Using Saying Verbs
3. Using Passive
Sentence
D. Examples and structures of the text:
Town Contaminated
Newsworthy Events :
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered
evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and
contaminated an entire town.
Background Events :
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first
journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear
submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread
radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by
officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor
of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a
nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more
than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
Source :
Sources A board of
investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of
the Soviet Navy.
Tombs with Mummy Found in Egypt
CAIRO –
Archaeologists have unearthed 57 ancient Egyptian tombs, most of which hold an
ornately painted wooden sarcophagus with a mummy inside, Egypt’s Supreme
Council of Antiquities said Sunday.
The oldest tombs date back to around 2750
B.C., during the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties, the council said
in a statement.Twelve of the tombs belong the 18th Dynasty, which ruled Egypt
during the second millennium B.C. The 18th Dynasty includes such well-known
pharaohs as Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Queen Hatshepsut.
The discovery throws new light on Egypt’s
ancient religions, the council said.
Newsworthy Event
:
the news of
finding of tombs with mummy in Egypt
Background :
the tombs has the
oldest date around 2750 B.C. It was the period of Egypt’s first and second
dynasties.
Source :
the council said
that the finding of the tombs threw new light on Egypt’s ancient religions
Growing Number of
High School Student Smoking
Newsworthy Events :
Surakarta – A survey has found about 13
percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high school students.
It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers.The survey
was conducted in five major cities across the country, including Surakarta in
Central Java.
Background Events :
Muhammad Syahril
Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agency’s respiratory illness division, said that
the finding of the survey showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers.
"This situation is a cause for concern,” he said. “It appears the
country’s younger generation is uneducated about the health risks of smoking.” The Indonesian anti-tobacco
campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the government refuses to
sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette
producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to
thousands of workers.
Source :
London :
An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in
Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer, the Saudi Interior
Minister said.
The woman was
beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in the
country.
The maid was
earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape,
murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative
desert kingdom.
Last year, Saudi
Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed
more than 130 people.
Generic Structure
Analysis
Main event; an
Indonesian maid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia.
Background 1; the maid was found guilty of
suffocating her bos.
Background 2; serious crimes can carry death
penalty in Saudi Arabia.
Background 3; Saudi Arabia executed more than
130 people last year.
Resource; the Saudi
Interior Minister statement.
Language Feature
Analysis
Focussingcircumtances; law of serious crimes.
Using material process; behead, execute, carry,
etc
Stoner wins Catalunya Grand Prix
Spain
:
Casey
Stoner won the Catalunya Grand Prix on Sunday for his third victory in the
MotoGP championship this season.
The
2007 world champion overtook Jorge Lorenzo on the first lap and never looked
back as the Australian's Honda proved too fast to catch on the 4.727-kilometer
(2.937-mile) Catalunya circuit. Lorenzo was second, 2.403 seconds behind. After
five races, defending champion Lorenzo holds a seven-point lead over Stoner.
While american rider Ben Spies came in third for his first podium of the
season.
Stoner
said: "Jorge got off to a good start and I had to wait until the end of
the first lap to overtake him and then he couldn't stay with me,
fortunately."
Newsworthy
Event :
Casey
Stoner won in the Catalunya Grand Prix
Background
:
Casey
Stoner overtook Jorge Lorenzo on the first lap and never looked back
Source
:
Landslide in Bukittinggi
Padang
:
Two
people died while four others were wounded in a landslide at a yard behind a
house near Teleng market in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra on Tuesday.
Killed
were 3-year-old Yusuf, who was the son of a kiosk owner at the market, Bujang,
and 22-year-old Meli, who was a visitor to the market. The injured were rushed
to the AchmadMuchtar and Yarsihospitals.
Bukittinggi
Deputy Mayor IsmetAmziz said Tuesday it was suspected that recent heavy
rainfall had caused the landslide.
Newsworthy Event :
People died while four others were
wounded in a landslide at a yard behind a house near Teleng market in
Bukittinggi,
Background :
Landslides have killed 3
years old Yusuf, who is
the son of a stall in the market, Bujang,and 22 years old Meli, who was a visitor market.
Source :
thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/10/two-die-bukittinggi-landslide.html
Indonesian Sailors Free as Pirates' Ransom
is Paid
Somalia - The crew of 20 Indonesian sailors aboard the Sinar
Kudus cargo ship were finally freed by Somali pirates on Sunday.
“We received the cash of $4.5 million early this morning. We
have abandoned the ship and it is preparing to sail away,” a pirate who gave
his name as Geney told Reuters news agency
In March, a large group of 30 to 50 Somali pirates seized the
Indonesian flagged and owned ship about 320 nautical miles northeast of the
Yemeni island of Socotra. The Sinar Kudus was on its way to the Netherlands
from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi when it was hijacked.
“The ship is now on its way to the nearest secure port and is
being heavily guarded by Indonesian warships,” David Batubara, vice president
of Samudra Indonesia told reporters late on Sunday.
Newsworthy Event :
The crew of 20 Indonesian sailors aboard the Sinar Kudus
cargo ship were finally freed by Somalia pirates.
Backgroud :
In March, a large group of 30 to 50 Somali pirates seized the
Indonesian flagged and owned ship about 320 nautical miles northeast of the
Yemeni island of Socotra. The Sinar Kudus was on its way to the Netherlands
from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi when it was hijacked.
Source :
thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesian-sailors-free-as-pirates-ransom-is-paid/438494
E.. Purpose News
Item:
Tujuan utama dari pembuatan teks berita tentu untuk
memberikan informasi kepada pembaca atau pendengar berita tentang berita
terbaru. Jadi syaratnya harus berita hangat, sehingga biasanya diberi tanggal
dan tempat berita.
F. Generic
Structure News Item
Pada praktiknya, susunan umum news item tidak
terlalu diindahkan oleh para wartawan karena mereka tentu ingin menggunakan
gaya bahasa dan penulisannya sendiri, yang penting pembaca bisa memahami beritanya
dengan baik. Namun jika kamu diminta untuk membuat tulisan dalam bentuk berita
(news item), maka susunan berikut ini wajib kamu ikuti:
- Newsworthy event : berita utama dari suatu peristiwa
(sekilas tentang inti berita).
- Background event : latar belakang peristiwa secara
rinci melibatkan bagaimana dan mengapa peristiwa itu terjadi.
- Source : Sumber yang memberikan informasi berkaitan
dengan suatu peristiwa.
G. Ciri-ciri redaksi text
News item
- Melibatkan verbal verbs atau kata kerja yang berupa penyampaian
informasi seperti: said, informed, told, reported, dan lain sebagainya.
- Karena menggunakan verbal verbs, maka hampir seluruh
tulisan news item terdapat kalimat langsung yang ditandai appostrof atau
tanda kutip (“bla,
bla, bla..“)
- Place and time : Dalam penulisan berita biasanya
terdapat penjelasan tanggal atau hari dan tempat peristiwa terjadi.
- Menggunakan Past tense dalam menerangkan kejadian
berita. Namun jika itu berupa fakta yang sampai sekarang masih terjadi
atau masih berupa fakta, maka bisa menggunakan simple present tense.
E. Contoh News Item dan Penjelasannya
Contoh 1: Jokowi wins Indonesian election.
Jakarta
– Joko Widodo, who won the hearts of Indonesians with his common-man image,
garnered 53 percent of the vote in Indonesia’s presidential election, final
results from the Election Commission showed Tuesday.
The
numbers were released shortly after his opponent, former Gen. Prabowo Subianto,
declared he was withdrawing from the contest, saying there was fraud during the
election and that it was unfair and
undemocratic.
Widodo, a former furniture maker known widely as
“Jokowi,” maintained a slim lead of about 4 percentage points in unofficial
quick counts by polling agencies released after the July 9 election.
But Subianto, who has declared assets of $140
million and was on his third bid for the presidency, repeatedly claimed that
polling firms with links to his campaign showed he was ahead. “We reject the
2014 presidential election, which is unlawful, and therefore we withdraw from
the ongoing process,“ he said.
There were no immediate reports of violence. About
100 Subianto supporters held a peaceful protest some 300 yards from the
Election Commission building in downtown Jakarta, chanting “Prabowo is the real
president” and holding banners demanding that the commission stop cheating.
The building was surrounded by thousands of
policemen to maintain security after a particularly nasty presidential
campaign. It was the first election that pitted two candidates directly against
each other since the Muslim majority country of 240 million emerged from the
long and brutal Suharto dictatorship 16 years ago.
Supporters of both men used social media for
personal attacks, and Subianto’s supporters led a smear campaign against
Widodo, spreading rumors he is not a Muslim.
The commission was to formally declare the winner
later Tuesday evening. Final results showed that Widodo won 70,997,859 votes,
or 53.15 percent of the nearly 133 million valid ballots cast, while Subianto
won 62,576,444 votes, or 46.85 percent.
Sumber:
http://america.aljazeera.com/
Penjelasan:
- Paragraf pertama berisi Newsworthy event: Sekilas
tentang isi berita yang akan disampaikan, yaitu bahwa Joko Widodo telah
memenangkan pilpres dengan kemenangan 53% suara.
- Paragraf kedua sampai ke enam berisi Background event
yang menjelaskan bagaimana peristiwa pemilihan sebelum pengumuman terjadi
hingga akhirnya Jokowi memenangkan pilpres.
- Pada paragraf terakhir berisi Source (sumber berita)
darimana kebenaran inti berita bahwa Jokowi menang pilpres diperoleh,
yaitu dari KPU (comission) yang telah mengumumkan kemenangan Jokowi pada
hari Kamis malam (Mencoba menjelaskan kapan pengumuman tersebut terjadi
<lihat ciri-ciri News item nomor 4>).
