Descriptive Text dan News Item Text

11.   DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Description is about sensory experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but description also deals with other kinds of perception.

A .Example descriptive text

My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light brown, and she has a beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs. She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She loves being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too.

She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and all things in the house are in the right place. She doesn't like messes.

She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going to sleep or went I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she always give me a kiss, and when the family havea problem she always be with us to helps us and to give us all her love.

B. Generic Structure of Descriptive text

Generic Stucture:

a. Identification: identifies the phenomenon to be described

b. Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics

Significant lexicogrammatical features:

Focus on specific participants, use simple present tense

C. language Features Of Descriptive Text

Descriptive often uses 'be' and 'have'.

Tense which is often used is Simple Present Tense. However, some times it uses Past tense if the thing to be described doesn't exist anymore

The formula of present tense
Positif    : S + V1 (s/es)
Negatif    : S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
Tanya    : DO/DOES + S + V1

Positif    : S + be + adj/adv
Negatif    : S + be + NOT + adj/adv
Tanya    : be + S + adj/adv

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place or thing. 

Teks Deskriptif yaitu teks yang menjelaskan gambaran seseorang atau benda. Tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan atau mengungkapkan orang, tempat atau benda tertentu. 

Bisa dikatakan juga bahwa Descriptive text adalah teks yang menjelaskan tentang seperti apakah orang atau benda yang dideskripsikan, baik bentuknya, sifat-sifatnya, jumlahnya dan lain-lain.

Struktur Descriptive Text (generic structure) adalah :

1. Identification (identifikasi) adalah pendahuluan , berupa gambaran umum tentang suatu topik.

2.Description (deskripsi) adalah berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki benda, tempat, atau orang yang dideskripsikan.

Ciri-ciri Descriptive Text :

- Menggunakan simple present tense 

- Menggunakan attribute verb, seperti be (am, is, are) 

- Hanya fokus pada satu objek tersebut.

Berikut adalah Contoh Descriptive Text :

The National Monument (or Monument Nasional) is a 132 meters tower in the center of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. It symbolizes the fight for Indonesia’s independence. The monument consist of a 117,7 m obelisk on a 45 m square platform at a height of 17 m.

The towering monument symbolizes the philosophy of Lingga and Yoni. Lingga resembles, rice pestle (alu) and Yoni resembles a mortar rice (lesung), two important items in Indonesian agricultural tradition.

The construction began in 1961 under the direction of President Soekarno and the monument was opened to the public in 1975. It is topped by a flame covered with gold foil. The monument and museum is opened daily from 08.00 – 15.00 every day throughout the week, except for the last Monday of the month the monument is closed.

Prambanan Temple

Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia, located approximately 18 km east of Yogyakarta. It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the 47 m high central building inside a large complex of individual temples. It was built around 850 CE by either Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram Dynasty, or Balitung Maha Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its construction, the temple was abandoned and began to deteriorate. Reconstruction of the compound began in 1918. The main building was completed in around 1953.

2.   News Item Text

A. Definition of News Item:

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

B. Generic Structure of News Item:
     1.  Newsworthy event (Main Event) :

News item text presents the daily newsworthy. In this example of news item text, the             first paragraph is the main event.

     2.  Background Events (Elaboration) :

The second paragraph of this example of news item gives further explanation about the main event.                                                

     3.  Source (Resource of information) :

The last paragraph is the official statement from the expert or the authority   which strengthen the news of the main event.

C. Language Feature of News Item:
      1.  Using Action Verbs
      2.  Using Saying Verbs

      3.  Using Passive Sentence

D. Examples and structures of the text:

Town Contaminated

Newsworthy Events :

Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Background Events :

Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Source :

Sources A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.

Tombs with Mummy Found in Egypt

CAIRO – Archaeologists have unearthed 57 ancient Egyptian tombs, most of which hold an ornately painted wooden sarcophagus with a mummy inside, Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities said Sunday.
The oldest tombs date back to around 2750 B.C., during the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties, the council said in a statement.Twelve of the tombs belong the 18th Dynasty, which ruled Egypt during the second millennium B.C. The 18th Dynasty includes such well-known pharaohs as Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Queen Hatshepsut.
The discovery throws new light on Egypt’s ancient religions, the council said.

Newsworthy Event :

the news of finding of tombs with mummy in Egypt

Background :

the tombs has the oldest date around 2750 B.C. It was the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties.

Source :

the council said that the finding of the tombs threw new light on Egypt’s ancient religions

Growing Number of High School Student Smoking

Newsworthy Events :

Surakarta – A survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high school students. It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers.The survey was conducted in five major cities across the country, including Surakarta in Central Java.

Background Events :

Muhammad Syahril Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agency’s respiratory illness division, said that the finding of the survey showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers. "This situation is a cause for concern,” he said. “It appears the country’s younger generation is uneducated about the health risks of smoking.” The Indonesian anti-tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the government refuses to sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to thousands of workers.

Source :

www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/12/growing-number-school-students-smoking.html

Indonesian Maid Beheaded

London :

An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said.

The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in the country.

The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape, murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative desert kingdom.

Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed more than 130 people.

(Taken from: BBC News)

Generic Structure Analysis

Main event; an Indonesian maid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia.
Background 1; the maid was found guilty of suffocating her bos.
Background 2; serious crimes can carry death penalty in Saudi Arabia.
Background 3; Saudi Arabia executed more than 130 people last year.

Resource; the Saudi Interior Minister statement.

Language Feature Analysis
Focussingcircumtances; law of serious crimes.
Using material process; behead, execute, carry, etc

Stoner wins Catalunya Grand Prix

Spain :

Casey Stoner won the Catalunya Grand Prix on Sunday for his third victory in the MotoGP championship this season.

The 2007 world champion overtook Jorge Lorenzo on the first lap and never looked back as the Australian's Honda proved too fast to catch on the 4.727-kilometer (2.937-mile) Catalunya circuit. Lorenzo was second, 2.403 seconds behind. After five races, defending champion Lorenzo holds a seven-point lead over Stoner. While american rider Ben Spies came in third for his first podium of the season.

Stoner said: "Jorge got off to a good start and I had to wait until the end of the first lap to overtake him and then he couldn't stay with me, fortunately."

Newsworthy Event :

Casey Stoner won in the Catalunya Grand Prix

Background :

Casey Stoner overtook Jorge Lorenzo on the first lap and never looked back

Source :

www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/05/stoner-wins-catalunya-gp.html

Landslide in Bukittinggi

Padang :

Two people died while four others were wounded in a landslide at a yard behind a house near Teleng market in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra on Tuesday.

Killed were 3-year-old Yusuf, who was the son of a kiosk owner at the market, Bujang, and 22-year-old Meli, who was a visitor to the market. The injured were rushed to the AchmadMuchtar and Yarsihospitals.

Bukittinggi Deputy Mayor IsmetAmziz said Tuesday it was suspected that recent heavy rainfall had caused the landslide.

Newsworthy Event :

People died while four others were wounded in a landslide at a yard behind a house near Teleng market in Bukittinggi,

Background :

Landslides have killed 3 years old Yusuf, who is the son of a stall in the market, Bujang,and 22 years old Meli, who was a visitor market.

Source :

thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/10/two-die-bukittinggi-landslide.html

Indonesian Sailors Free as Pirates' Ransom is Paid

Somalia - The crew of 20 Indonesian sailors aboard the Sinar Kudus cargo ship were finally freed by Somali pirates on Sunday.

“We received the cash of $4.5 million early this morning. We have abandoned the ship and it is preparing to sail away,” a pirate who gave his name as Geney told Reuters news agency

In March, a large group of 30 to 50 Somali pirates seized the Indonesian flagged and owned ship about 320 nautical miles northeast of the Yemeni island of Socotra. The Sinar Kudus was on its way to the Netherlands from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi when it was hijacked.

“The ship is now on its way to the nearest secure port and is being heavily guarded by Indonesian warships,” David Batubara, vice president of Samudra Indonesia told reporters late on Sunday.

Newsworthy Event :

The crew of 20 Indonesian sailors aboard the Sinar Kudus cargo ship were finally freed by Somalia pirates.

Backgroud :

In March, a large group of 30 to 50 Somali pirates seized the Indonesian flagged and owned ship about 320 nautical miles northeast of the Yemeni island of Socotra. The Sinar Kudus was on its way to the Netherlands from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi when it was hijacked.

Source :

thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesian-sailors-free-as-pirates-ransom-is-paid/438494

E.. Purpose News Item:

Tujuan utama dari pembuatan teks berita tentu untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca atau pendengar berita tentang berita terbaru. Jadi syaratnya harus berita hangat, sehingga biasanya diberi tanggal dan tempat berita.

F. Generic Structure News Item

Pada praktiknya, susunan umum news item tidak terlalu diindahkan oleh para wartawan karena mereka tentu ingin menggunakan gaya bahasa dan penulisannya sendiri, yang penting pembaca bisa memahami beritanya dengan baik. Namun jika kamu diminta untuk membuat tulisan dalam bentuk berita (news item), maka susunan berikut ini wajib kamu ikuti:

1. Newsworthy event : berita utama dari suatu peristiwa (sekilas tentang inti berita).
2. Background event :  latar belakang peristiwa secara rinci melibatkan bagaimana dan mengapa peristiwa itu terjadi.
3. Source : Sumber yang memberikan informasi berkaitan dengan suatu peristiwa.

G.  Ciri-ciri redaksi text News item

1. Melibatkan verbal verbs atau kata kerja yang berupa penyampaian informasi seperti: said, informed, told, reported, dan lain sebagainya.
2. Karena menggunakan verbal verbs, maka hampir seluruh tulisan news item terdapat kalimat langsung yang ditandai appostrof atau tanda kutip (“bla, bla, bla..“)
3. Place and time : Dalam penulisan berita biasanya terdapat penjelasan tanggal atau hari dan tempat peristiwa terjadi.
4. Menggunakan Past tense dalam menerangkan kejadian berita. Namun jika itu berupa fakta yang sampai sekarang masih terjadi atau masih berupa fakta, maka bisa menggunakan simple present tense.

E. Contoh News Item dan Penjelasannya

Contoh 1: Jokowi wins Indonesian election.
Jakarta – Joko Widodo, who won the hearts of Indonesians with his common-man image, garnered 53 percent of the vote in Indonesia’s presidential election, final results from the Election Commission showed Tuesday.
The numbers were released shortly after his opponent, former Gen. Prabowo Subianto, declared he was withdrawing from the contest, saying there was fraud during the election and that it was unfair and undemocratic.
Widodo, a former furniture maker known widely as “Jokowi,” maintained a slim lead of about 4 percentage points in unofficial quick counts by polling agencies released after the July 9 election.
But Subianto, who has declared assets of $140 million and was on his third bid for the presidency, repeatedly claimed that polling firms with links to his campaign showed he was ahead. “We reject the 2014 presidential election, which is unlawful, and therefore we withdraw from the ongoing process,“ he said.
There were no immediate reports of violence. About 100 Subianto supporters held a peaceful protest some 300 yards from the Election Commission building in downtown Jakarta, chanting “Prabowo is the real president” and holding banners demanding that the commission stop cheating.
The building was surrounded by thousands of policemen to maintain security after a particularly nasty presidential campaign. It was the first election that pitted two candidates directly against each other since the Muslim majority country of 240 million emerged from the long and brutal Suharto dictatorship 16 years ago.
Supporters of both men used social media for personal attacks, and Subianto’s supporters led a smear campaign against Widodo, spreading rumors he is not a Muslim.
The commission was to formally declare the winner later Tuesday evening. Final results showed that Widodo won 70,997,859 votes, or 53.15 percent of the nearly 133 million valid ballots cast, while Subianto won 62,576,444 votes, or 46.85 percent.
Sumber: http://america.aljazeera.com/
Penjelasan:

1. Paragraf pertama berisi Newsworthy event: Sekilas tentang isi berita yang akan disampaikan, yaitu bahwa Joko Widodo telah memenangkan pilpres dengan kemenangan 53% suara.
2. Paragraf kedua sampai ke enam berisi Background event yang menjelaskan bagaimana peristiwa pemilihan sebelum pengumuman terjadi hingga akhirnya Jokowi memenangkan pilpres.
3. Pada paragraf terakhir berisi Source (sumber berita) darimana kebenaran inti berita bahwa Jokowi menang pilpres diperoleh, yaitu dari KPU (comission) yang telah mengumumkan kemenangan Jokowi pada hari Kamis malam (Mencoba menjelaskan kapan pengumuman tersebut terjadi <lihat ciri-ciri News item nomor 4>).